A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions is beneficial for increasing measurement sensitivity, measuring samples at low temperatures [1], analyzing reactive surfaces [2], and studying atomic or molecular adsorbents with atomic or submolecular resolution [3]. The first AFM images with true atomic resolution were

• attractive or repulsive inter-atomic forces occur between tip apex atom and atoms at the surface. In recent years, functionalizing the tip apex with a lowly coordinated atom/molecule resulted in exceptional submolecular resolution at low temperature [8][9][10][11]. Tuning fork AFM has become increasingly

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• ’-TiOx phase with a marked unit cell. The dark areas inside the trenches represent holes in the oxide film. (c) The z’-TiOx phase after deposition of W3O9 (≈0.1 monolayer coverage; 40 × 40 nm; UB = 1.00 V; IT = 86 pA). The clusters are always aligned along the trenches. (d) A submolecular resolution scan

• = 58 pA). The clusters show a hexagonal arrangement (see marked spots in the FFT inset) with a slight tendency to form agglomerations. (d) A submolecular resolution scan (7.7 × 7.7 nm; UB = 1.00 V; IT = 62 pA) of individual W3O9 clusters. High-resolution STM images (both 1.8 × 1.8 nm; UB = 0.50 V; IT

• ) ternary oxide layer [19], which is based on a mixed Cu–O top layer with an alignment of Cu atoms along the [100] direction [20]. The Cu surface rows were shown to act as preferential adsorption sites for W3O9 nanoclusters. In all the above-mentioned studies, the W3O9 clusters were imaged with submolecular

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.10.30 Abstract We investigate the possibility of functionalizing Au tips by N2O molecules deposited on a Au(111) surface and their further use for imaging with submolecular resolution. First, we

• apexes. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; Au(111); carbon monoxide; functionalization; high resolution; nitrous oxide; submolecular resolution; Introduction Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become the tool of choice for the characterization of molecules on the atomic scale

• . Functionalization of a metallic tip apex with a single carbon monoxide molecule (CO) was the key to achieve submolecular resolution for the first time, on a pentacene molecule [1]. This milestone initiated a vigorous development of the technique that now serves a variety of purposes. For example, it can identify

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• non-contact atomic force microscopy at room temperature. Depending on the coverage, single molecules, groups of adsorbates with random or recognizable shapes, or islands of closely packed molecules were identified. Single molecules and self assemblies are resolved with submolecular resolution showing

• their desorption. The adsorption geometry of DCPDMbpy on a NiO(001) terrace was resolved by using the multipass technique to reach submolecular resolution without a functionalized tip. This technique was recently introduced by Moreno et al. for low temperatures [60]. In principle, this method consists

• ) was resolved with atomic resolution using the first resonance and the torsional resonance. Depending on the deposition rate, single molecules, molecular clusters, and molecular islands have been imaged. Through the so-called multipass technique, submolecular resolution could be achieved and direct

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• investigated via scanning probe methods. Almost all studies are limited to the analysis of thin film and crystal growth of Pt(II) or Ir(III) complexes via atomic force microscopy [23][24] or STM [25][26][27][28] and lack the submolecular resolution to address specific parts of a molecule. Only a single study

• overall weak adsorbate-substrate interaction [37]. The close-up images exhibit submolecular resolution and clearly reflect the chemical building blocks. By superimposing the corresponding molecular structures we can attribute the highest round protrusions to the Pt atom in the center of the complexes

Influence of the adsorption geometry of PTCDA on Ag(111) on the tip–molecule forces in non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Gernot Langewisch,
• Jens Falter,
• André Schirmeisen and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 98–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.9

• analysis of the qualitative evolution of the forces in three dimensions with submolecular resolution. In the regime of repulsive forces, a clear difference in the tip–sample forces was found between the two molecule orientations of the unit cell. For one orientation, the net force is higher than for the

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• (FM) mode provides subatomic and submolecular resolution [1][2][3][4]. Since the pionnering work performed by Giessibl [5], a large variety of surfaces have been observed at the atomic scale. For example, atomic features were imaged on Si [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], InSb [13], GaAs [14], Ge [15], NiAl

• [16][17], MgO [18][19][20], NaCl [21][22][23][24][25], CaCO3 [26], TiO2 [27][28][29], NiO [30], KBr [21][31][32][33][34][35], CaF2 [36], and graphite [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] to mention just a few. Moreover, from monolayer to single molecules, submolecular resolution has been obtained on

An NC-AFM and KPFM study of the adsorption of a triphenylene derivative on KBr(001)

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Adeline Pujol,
• Florian Chaumeton,
• David Martrou,
• André Gourdon and
• Sébastien Gauthier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 221–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.25

• room for progress as shown by the impressive submolecular resolution that has been demonstrated in recent works on the adsorption of pentacene [14] or decastarphene [15] molecules on Cu(111) and on a NaCl(001) bilayer on Cu(111). During the same period, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has been

STM study on the self-assembly of oligothiophene-based organic semiconductors

• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Erwaa El-Hosseiny,
• Berndt Koslowski,
• Paul Ziemann and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 802–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.88

• , corresponding to the insulating part of the molecules, are extended perpendicular to the oligothiophene backbone and can be recognized as dark regions, reflecting the expected lower tunneling probability. Figure 2 (center) shows a short range image of H4TCOOH adsorbed on HOPG, exhibiting submolecular resolution

• , center) submolecular resolution was obtained for the oligothiophene backbones. Due to the low negative bias applied and at the limit given by the tunneling barrier of this compound, we can assume that the observed eight lobes per molecule correspond to the local density of states (LDOS) of the molecule

Septipyridines as conformationally controlled substitutes for inaccessible bis(terpyridine)-derived oligopyridines in two-dimensional self-assembly

• Daniel Caterbow,
• Daniela Künzel,
• Michael G. Mavros,
• Axel Groß,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Ulrich Ziener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 405–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.46

• ± 2° is observed. A closer look at the bright areas reveals small bright spots, which we attribute to the single (hetero)aromatic rings. The submolecular resolution allows for the suggestion of a tentative model. Self-assembly can be explained by the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which is